{"id":1560,"date":"2022-08-01T11:42:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-01T03:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/?p=1560"},"modified":"2025-05-29T11:54:15","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T03:54:15","slug":"tactical-level-explanation-is-not-enough-effect-of-explaining-avs-lane-changing-decisions-on-drivers-decision-making-trust-and-emotional-experience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/01\/tactical-level-explanation-is-not-enough-effect-of-explaining-avs-lane-changing-decisions-on-drivers-decision-making-trust-and-emotional-experience\/","title":{"rendered":"Tactical-Level Explanation is Not Enough: Effect of Explaining AV\u2019s Lane-Changing Decisions on Drivers\u2019 Decision-Making, Trust, and Emotional Experience"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1560\" class=\"elementor elementor-1560\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e1176f4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1e1176f4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ff247d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6ff247d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 24-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0001_c-1024x569.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1561\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0001_c-1024x569.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0001_c-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0001_c-768x426.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0001_c-1536x853.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0001_c-2048x1137.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c002ce2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c002ce2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 24-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tactical-Level Explanation is Not Enough: Effect of Explaining AV\u2019s Lane-Changing Decisions on Drivers\u2019 Decision-Making, Trust, and Emotional Experience<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-736599f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"736599f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 24-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Yiwen Zhang, Wenjia Wang, Xinyan Zhou, Qi Wang<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6106ef4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6106ef4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (2022)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6de4385e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6de4385e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bd8dc53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6bd8dc53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u6458\u8981\/Abstract<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-610931f9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"610931f9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-305c08ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"305c08ac\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ed5bd6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ed5bd6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u5728\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u9a7e\u9a76\u5458\u4ea4\u6d41\u81ea\u52a8\u9a7e\u9a76\u6c7d\u8f66\uff08AV\uff09\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u65f6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6218\u672f\u7ea7\u9a7e\u9a76\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u53d8\u9053\u573a\u666f\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u6218\u672f\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u786e\u8ba4\u9009\u9879\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u9a7e\u9a76\u5458\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 30 \u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ec4\uff1a\u6307\u6807\u7ec4\uff08I\uff09\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u7ec4\uff08E\uff09\u548c\u89e3\u91ca+\u786e\u8ba4\u7ec4\uff08EC\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u9a7e\u9a76\u6a21\u62df\u5668\u4e2d\u4f53\u9a8c\u56db\u79cd\u53d8\u9053\u60c5\u666f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65f6\u95ee\u9898\u63a2\u7a76\u548c\u8bbf\u8c08\u4e86\u89e3\u9a7e\u9a76\u8005\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9a7e\u9a76\u540e\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4f53\u9a8c\u8fdb\u884c\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6218\u672f\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5bf9\u9a7e\u9a76\u5458\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u4f53\u9a8c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u51b3\u7b56\u7ee9\u6548\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u540e\u786e\u8ba4\u8f66\u9053\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u9009\u9879\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u9a7e\u9a76\u5458\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u51b3\u7b56\u7ee9\u6548\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u53cc\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d8\u9053\u60c5\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u60c5\u666f\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u7ee9\u6548\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-413c6cfd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"413c6cfd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57ccae62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57ccae62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExplanations have become increasingly vital in communicating with human drivers about the reasons for the decision-making of autonomous vehicles (AVs), particularly in tactical-level driving tasks. Focusing on lane-changing scenarios, we examine whether providing tactical-level explanations and in addition, whether providing a confirmation option, influences drivers\u2019 decision-making, trust, and emotional experience. Thirty participants were equally assigned into three groups: indicator (I), explanation (E), and explanation + confirmation (EC), experiencing four lane-changing scenarios in a driving simulator. Real-time question probes and interviews were adopted to understand drivers\u2019 decision-making process, and post-drive questionnaires on trust and emotional experience were given. Results indicated that merely providing tactical-level explanations had little effect on driver\u2019s trust and experience, but caused worse decision-making performance. The option to confirm lane changes after an explanation promoted driver\u2019s trust, but brought two-sided effects on decision-making performance. Situational trust and decision-making performance varied significantly across lane-changing scenarios.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40ab5d21 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"40ab5d21\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25fd1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"25fd1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 24-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-column 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.elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e5b7e8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7e5b7e8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c909508 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4c909508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\/Info<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bf5b1c0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7bf5b1c0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ecfb3b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1ecfb3b5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fa20315 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1fa20315\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u4f5c\u8005\/Authors<br><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c7c4aed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c7c4aed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u94fe\u63a5\/Link<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7759bbe3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7759bbe3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61361e88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61361e88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yiwen Zhang, Wenjia Wang, Xinyan Zhou, Qi Wang<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19b9c979 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19b9c979\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/10447318.2022.2098965<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-306f5940 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"306f5940\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-752d3161 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"752d3161\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ab86677 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2ab86677\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7746323 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7746323\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c01e772 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7c01e772\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc4016b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1cc4016b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u56fe\u7247\/Figures<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3959e682 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3959e682\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-609d0ce9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"609d0ce9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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.elementor-animated-item--enter-from-right,.e-gallery-item.elementor-animated-content .elementor-animated-item--enter-from-top,.e-gallery-item:focus .elementor-gallery__item-overlay-bg,.e-gallery-item:focus .elementor-gallery__item-overlay-content,.e-gallery-item:focus .elementor-gallery__item-overlay-content__description,.e-gallery-item:focus .elementor-gallery__item-overlay-content__title,.e-gallery-item:hover .elementor-gallery__item-overlay-bg,.e-gallery-item:hover .elementor-gallery__item-overlay-content,.e-gallery-item:hover .elementor-gallery__item-overlay-content__description,.e-gallery-item:hover .elementor-gallery__item-overlay-content__title{opacity:1}a.elementor-item.elementor-gallery-title{color:var(--galleries-title-color-normal)}a.elementor-item.elementor-gallery-title.elementor-item-active,a.elementor-item.elementor-gallery-title.highlighted,a.elementor-item.elementor-gallery-title:focus,a.elementor-item.elementor-gallery-title:hover{color:var(--galleries-title-color-hover)}a.elementor-item.elementor-gallery-title.elementor-item-active{color:var(--gallery-title-color-active)}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-gallery,.e-con>.elementor-widget-gallery{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0001_c-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0001_c-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2560\" data-height=\"1422\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0002_c-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0002_c-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2560\" data-height=\"2341\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item 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aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0005_b-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0005_b-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2560\" data-height=\"528\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0006_b.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0006_b.jpg\" data-width=\"1900\" data-height=\"1853\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0007_c-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0007_c-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2103\" data-height=\"2560\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0008_b-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0008_b-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2560\" data-height=\"1650\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0009_b.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0009_b.jpg\" data-width=\"1600\" data-height=\"2100\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0010_b-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hihc_a_2098965_f0010_b-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2560\" data-height=\"1986\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explanations have become increasingly vital in communicating with human drivers about the reasons for the decision-making of autonomous vehicles (AVs), particularly in tactical-level driving tasks. Focusing on lane-changing scenarios, we examine whether providing tactical-level explanations and in addition, whether providing a confirmation option, influences drivers\u2019 decision-making, trust, and emotional experience. Thirty participants were equally assigned into three groups: indicator (I), explanation (E), and explanation + confirmation (EC), experiencing four lane-changing scenarios in a driving simulator. Real-time question probes and interviews were adopted to understand drivers\u2019 decision-making process, and post-drive questionnaires on trust and emotional experience were given. Results indicated that merely providing tactical-level explanations had little effect on driver\u2019s trust and experience, but caused worse decision-making performance. The option to confirm lane changes after an explanation promoted driver\u2019s trust, but brought two-sided effects on decision-making performance. Situational trust and decision-making performance varied significantly across lane-changing scenarios.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1561,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1560"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1560\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1575,"href":"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1560\/revisions\/1575"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tongjicdi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}